Donald Trump has faced a notably cautious response from allies after seeking support for “Operation Epic Fury,” a U.S.-led move targeting Iran. Despite calls for international backing, many nations have either declined involvement or responded with hesitation, raising questions about how widely the operation will be supported.
Across Europe, several key allies have made their positions clear. The United Kingdom, historically one of Washington’s closest partners, has ruled out taking part in further military action linked to the operation. Prime Minister Keir Starmer emphasized that Britain would not be drawn into a broader conflict, while still leaving the door open for diplomatic engagement toward a “viable plan.” He also dismissed suggestions that NATO would intervene, stating that such involvement has not been considered.
Similarly, Italy has signaled it will not participate militarily. Foreign Minister Antonio Tajani confirmed that direct involvement is not being considered.
In Germany, officials have taken a firm stance as well. Chancellor Friedrich Merz stated that there had been no joint agreement on intervention, making military participation unlikely. While he acknowledged concerns about Iran’s leadership, he also suggested that escalating through bombing campaigns would not be an effective solution. Defense Minister Boris Pistorius went further, questioning both the strategy and expectations placed on European forces, particularly in relation to operations in the Strait of Hormuz.
Elsewhere on the continent, countries such as the Netherlands, Lithuania, and Estonia have expressed uncertainty, focusing on the broader purpose and potential consequences of the mission. Greece has also confirmed it will not take part in any military operations connected to the initiative.
Outside Europe, a similar pattern has emerged. Australia, South Korea, and Japan have all indicated they do not plan to participate at this stage. Australian Transport Minister Catherine King stated plainly that her country would not be deploying naval assets to the Strait of Hormuz, despite acknowledging its strategic importance. South Korea has taken a more reserved approach, saying it will continue discussions with the United States.
The position of China remains less defined. While no formal commitment has been made, U.S. officials have suggested that China could play a constructive role, particularly given its reliance on oil shipments passing through the region. Trump himself has pointed to this, noting China’s significant dependence on energy routes linked to the strait.
Amid the widespread hesitation, Ukraine has offered a contrasting response. Despite its ongoing war with Russia, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy has reportedly indicated a willingness to assist, particularly in countering drone-related threats.
The mixed international reaction appears to have caused some frustration within the U.S. administration. Trump has suggested that allies’ decisions—whether to support or decline—will not be forgotten, underscoring the political weight of the moment.
For now, the situation remains uncertain. While the United States moves forward with its plans, the reluctance of many traditional allies highlights a broader hesitation about escalation, leaving open questions about how the conflict could evolve and whether additional countries may eventually shift their stance.
